A report out today has found that there is is significant imbalance between the number of paths available to the most and least deprived communities.
And the health and wellbeing impact of this inequality is stark.
The new report, commissioned by the Ramblers and written by the New Economics Foundation, breaks new ground in our understanding of the neighbourhood-level availability of paths and the critical infrastructure of nature access.
For the first time ever, it has been made possible to analyse the correlations between where the path network is with national-level data sources on the environment, socioeconomics, and health to better understand the value of the network to people and places.
The report finds that our network of paths holds the key to significant physical and mental health benefits. Using established wellbeing valuation techniques, it has been calculated that the network’s usage adds over 3,000 healthy years of life to the nation, worth an estimated wellbeing value of £2billion, over £33 per person in England and Wales – the cost of 8.5 million ambulance call outs or nearly 10 million outpatient procedures.
However, the communities that would benefit most from greater access to nature are missing out.
The report also explores the topic of who has access to these paths; the conditions that some paths are in; and the Ramblers recommendations on what actions might best expand the social and health benefits that walking in nature brings.
If sufficient awareness is raised of these issues the impact of this research could provide a wealth of positive change; providing greater walking opportunities for all and in turn, improved health and social outcomes.
Equality is a key issue in unlocking the path network’s potential to create change in a population whose health is declining.
The old, the wealthy, the healthy, and the white have the greatest provision of paths in England and Wales, with residents of the most affluent areas of England and Wales enjoying 80% more paths in their local area than the most deprived.
The gap widens even further when looking at the ethnicity divide, where the most white-dominated areas have 144% more local paths than the most ethnically diverse.
Strengthening the case for the importance of this network, the report finds that where health is worst (as indicated by heart attack prevalence) the number of paths is also lowest.
Furthermore, the most deprived communities in England and Wales would have around 63% more paths in their local area today if all public paths had been accurately registered in legal records from the 1950s onwards.
Analysis suggests that doubling the average length of paths in a neighbourhood would result in an additional annual 78.5 million walks in nature across England and Wales. This is because the more paths people have close to home, the more likely they’ll go for a walk and be able to enjoy the health and wellbeing benefits of being active in nature.
The report documents solutions which might redress the imbalances in availability and access to the path network; such as connecting up existing routes, creating green urban corridors, and restoring lost rights of way.
Through detailed analysis techniques, the report authors have calculated a need for the governments to invest an additional £650 million annually into expanding the path network and creating more equal access to nature.
This figure may seem a tall order in today’s cost of living crisis, but the investment would bring the path network to its full potential – which would be worth far more that its current wellbeing value of £2 billion a year – and improve Britain’s health by opening up access to the outdoors for underserved communities.
The authors say that three key actions are needed to right the inequities in access, availability and condition of the paths network, aiming to reverse the erosion of this core component of our national, critical infrastructure:
Legally record what infrastructure we can, protecting and reinstating historic rights of way for future generations.
Protect what infrastructure we have, preventing loss to poorly planned development, blockage, or decline into disrepair.
Expand infrastructure and target it where we need it most, raising significant investment in new paths and open access land in those communities currently cut off from nature.
